Pultruded composite guardrail

ABSTRACT

A pultruded composite guardrail is comprised of one or more layered reinforcement materials and a resin permeating the one or more layered reinforcement materials, the one or more layered reinforcement materials and resin forming a solid shaped guardrail or guardrail beam when the resin is cured. The shaped member may be thrie beam shaped and the resin used may be a poly-urethane thermoset resin. The guardrail may be used in a guardrail system comprised of one or more guardrails and one or more posts. The guardrail system may also include a spacer block attached to each post, an anchor attached to the posts, a splice plate coupling a plurality of the guardrails together, and a plurality of fasteners for joining the components of the guardrail system.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority under 35 USC 119(e) to U.S. provisional Application Ser. No. 60/614,355, filed on Sep. 29, 2004, and which is incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with government support under DOT Contract No. DTRS57-01-C-10054. The government may have certain rights in this invention.

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to guardrails and more particularly to a pultruded composite guardrail.

BACKGROUND

Guardrails are commonly installed along roadways and other areas to control the direction of traffic flow and to prevent vehicles from leaving the roadway. The most common type of guardrail is a steel, W-beam guardrail (i.e., guardrails which typically have a w-shaped cross-section). The steel may be galvanized to help the guardrail resist corrosion.

Typically, metal or wooden posts are driven into the ground along the edges of a roadway and the guardrails are bolted to the posts to form a continuous barrier running parallel to the roadway. A space block may be inserted between a guardrail and a post to space the guardrail away from the post and to mitigate contact between the post and the wheels of an impacting vehicle. The ends of each guardrail may be formed so that adjacent guardrails may overlap and nest with each other. Alternatively, the ends of two adjacent guardrails may be butted together and held in place by a connecting member. Steel guardrails have several inherent drawbacks. For example, due to their weight, steel guardrails are difficult to transport, install, repair, and remove. Thus, high labor costs are associated with the transportation, installation, repair, and removal of steel guardrails.

Another inherent problem related to steel guardrails is that even a minor collision may necessitate the replacement of the guardrail. For example, a minor collision may cause the guardrail to deform, thereby reducing its ability to absorb a subsequent collision. Also, a minor collision may cause the galvanized coating to be damaged, thereby increasing the susceptibility of the guardrail to corrosion and decreasing its lifespan.

Yet another inherent problem with steel galvanized guardrails is that due to environmental conditions, such as rain, sleet, snow, fog, etc., the zinc galvanized coating may leach into the ground contaminating the soil or the water table near the guardrail.

Another inherent disadvantage for steel guardrails is a lack of aesthetic appeal. Typically, steel guardrails are silver in color and are incapable of blending into the natural surroundings. Although steel guardrails can be painted, this increases the overall cost of the steel guardrail.

Plastic and composite guardrails have been proposed as an alternative to steel guardrails. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,681,302 to Thompson illustrates a hollow plastic guardrail section, two or more of which may be joined end-to-end and which may be filled with water to enhance energy dissipation. U.S. Pat. No. 3,540,699 to Guzzardella describes a guardrail having similar operation. U.S. Pat. No. 4,307,973 to Glaesener illustrates a guardrail having a sheet-metal shell filled with synthetic resin foam. U.S. Pat. No. 4,138,095 to Humphrey illustrates a guardrail having a hollow plastic base which may be filled with ballast and draped with baglike impact shields filled with sand or other granular material.

Additionally, U.S. Pat. No. 6,149,134 to Bank et al. is directed to a guardrail system including a rail and rail connectors wherein the rail is formed of several elongated tubes which are integrally molded at the tube sidewalls. The tubes preferably have polygonal cross-sections with sidewalls situated in horizontal and vertical planes, with the vertical sidewalls of the various tubes staggered at different depths within the rail. Connections between rails may be achieved by internal connectors which fit within the tubes of adjacent rails, and/or by use of external connectors which receive the ends of adjacent rails. Such internal and external connectors may also be used to reinforce damaged rails to restore their performance characteristics. All of the above-identified United States patents are incorporated herein by reference.

The guardrail systems disclosed by the prior art, however, are difficult to install. For example, the guardrail system disclosed by Bank requires the installation of complicated rail connecters to join adjacent guardrails. Additionally, the guardrail systems disclosed by the prior art are more difficult to manufacture. For example, a complicated pultrusion die or mold must be created to form the guardrail and connection components.

Thus, there exists a need for a pultruded composite guardrail that resists corrosion, is easy to manufacture, install, and repair, and that overcomes these and other limitations of prior art guardrails. There is also a need for a guardrail that is friendly to the environment, soil and ground water in the vicinity of the guardrail installation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the present invention relates to a pultruded composite beam or guardrail for a guardrail system, including one or more layered reinforcement materials and a resin permeating the one or more layered reinforcement materials, the one or more layered reinforcement materials and resin forming a solid shaped guardrail member when the resin is cured.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a one-piece, unitary and formed or shaped guardrail (or guardrail beam) constructed of pultruded composite material including one or more reinforcement materials set in a plastic resin, such as polyester or poly-urethane resin.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a guardrail system having one or more posts and one or more pultruded composite guardrails secured to the posts. The guardrail system may further include at least one spacer block attached to each of the posts, the spacer block for carrying one or more of the pultruded composite guardrails, an anchor attached to at least one of the posts, a splice plate coupling a plurality of the pultruded composite guardrails together, and a plurality of fasteners for joining together the components of the guardrail system.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a pultruded composite guardrail comprising pre-forming one or more reinforcement materials, saturating the pre-formed reinforcement materials with a resin, pulling the resin-saturated reinforcements through a pultrusion die, heating the resin saturated reinforcement in the pultrusion die to solidify the resin, and cutting the pultruded composite guardrail to length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To enable the present invention to be easily understood and readily practiced, the present invention will now be described for purposes of illustration and not limitation, in connection with the following figures wherein:

FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective and side views, respectively, of a composite pultruded guardrail according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate the mat and roving keys used to construct the composite pultruded guardrail of FIG. 1A according to several embodiments;

FIGS. 3A-3C are perspective, side, and front views, respectively, of a splice plate for connecting two guardrails of FIG. 1A according to one embodiment;

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of a barrier system according to one embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 5 illustrates an operational process for manufacturing the pultruded composite guardrail of FIG. 1A according to one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective and side views, respectively, of a pultruded composite guardrail 10 (and may be referred to as a guardrail beam) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The pultruded composite guardrail 10 is shown in a thrie-beam (or thrie-section) configuration. It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that other configurations and shapes can be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1B, the pultruded composite guardrail 10, in one embodiment, is shown having the following dimensions: overall height—21.5 inches (54.61 cm), width—4.25 inches (10.79 cm) (i.e., from a front face 12 to a back face 14), and thickness—0.25 inches (0.635 cm). In other embodiments, the height ranges between about 15 to 25 inches, the width ranges from about 3.75 to 5 inches, and the thickness ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 inches, and is usually about 0.5 inches or less, and preferable about 0.3 inches or less. The overall length of the guardrail 10 may range from six to forty feet, with other embodiments including length ranging from ten to thirty feet, greater than ten feet and greater than twenty feet.

The pultruded composite guardrail beam 10 is of unitary construction, but can be viewed as a series of interconnected face plates and angled legs to provide the desired functional performance characteristics of longitudinal tensile loading capacity in the face places and transverse stiffness in the legs. The dimensions of the face plates and legs can be chosen to achieve the desired beam height and depth (or width). In one embodiment, the pultruded composite beam includes three sections: a top section 16, a middle section 18, and a bottom section 20. Each section 16, 18, 20 is comprised of two legs and a face, such that the top section 16 includes a face 16 b and two legs 16 a, 16 c, the middle section 18 includes a face 18 b and two legs 18 a, 18 c, while the bottom section 20 includes a face 20 b and two legs 20 a, 20 b. The top and bottom sections 16, 20 are connected to the middle section 18 by a top back member 17 a and a bottom back member 17 b, respectively.

The top section 16 and bottom section 20 are shown, in one embodiment, having the same or substantially same dimensions with the legs 16 a, 16 c, 20 a and 20 c measuring 4.25 inches (10.79 cm) and the faces 16 b, 20 b measuring 2.026 inches (5.146 cm). In the embodiment shown, the dimension of the face 18 b of the middle section 18 is greater than the top and bottom faces 16 b, 20 b of the top and bottom sections 16, 20. The face 18 b is shown measuring approximately 3.95 inches (10.04 cm) high. The top and bottom back members 17 a, 17 b are approximately 1.518 inches (3.856 cm) high. In other embodiments, the legs 16 a, 16 c, 20 a, 20 c measure between about 4 and 6 inches and the faces 16 b, 20 b measure between about 1.5 and 4 inches, the face 18 b may measure between 1.5 and 6 inches, and the top and bottom back members 17 a, 17 b measure between 1 and 3 inches. In yet another embodiment, the dimension of the face 18 b is less than the top and bottom faces. Other dimensions may be used.

As illustrated in FIG. 1B, in one embodiment, the legs 16 a, 16 c, 18 a, 18 c, 20 a, 20 c of the sections 16, 18, 20 form an angle of between about 45 and 90 degrees, and more particularly between about 60 and 75 degrees, and in the embodiment shown, the angle is approximately 68°, all from the vertical. Other angles may be used.

It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the dimensions used are provided for exemplary purposes only and are in no way intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Returning to FIG. 1A, the composite pultruded guardrail 10 (as viewed from top to bottom) includes the first top section leg 16 a integrally formed with the top section face 16 b. The top section face 16 b is integrally formed with a second top section leg 16 c which is integrally formed to the top back member 17 a. The top back member 17 a is integrally formed with the first middle section leg 18 a which is integrally formed with the middle section face 18 b. The middle section face 18 b is further integrally formed with a second middle section leg 18 c which is integrally formed with the bottom back member 17 b. The bottom back member 17 b is integrally formed with the first bottom section leg 20 a which is integrally formed with the bottom section face 20 b. The bottom section face 20 b is further integrally formed with the second bottom section leg 20 c. The free end of the first top section leg 16 a and the second bottom section leg 20 c may be flared (as shown) to lie in a plane parallel with the vertical axis.

The faces 16 b, 18 b, 20 b are substantially flat and are positioned to lie in a substantially same plane. Further, the faces 16 b, 18 b, 20 b are positioned such that when the guardrail 10 is installed, the faces 16 b, 18 b, 20 b (front portion) face a roadway 100 and are designed to be positioned substantially vertical to the plane of the roadway and run (along the length of the guardrail 10) substantially parallel to the roadway (see FIG. 4).

In one embodiment, the composite pultruded guardrail 10 has a multitude of holes or apertures 22 a formed in the guardrail 10 at various locations. The holes or apertures 22 a are operable for receiving fasteners for coupling one guardrail to another guardrail and/or for coupling to a splice plate. In the embodiment shown, the holes 22 a are positioned on the first top section leg 16 a, the second top section leg 16 c, the first bottom section leg 20 a, and the second bottom section leg 20 c. Optional holes or apertures 22 a (not shown) may be included on the first middle section 18 a and the second middle section leg 18 c. The holes 22 a may be located such that they align with corresponding holes in an adjacent guardrail 10 (i.e., in the case where one guardrail is nested with an adjacent guardrail) or with the corresponding holes in a separate splice plate (not shown in FIG. 1A). Additionally, the guardrail 10 has a multitude of holes or apertures 24 a formed in the top back member 17 a and the bottom back member 17 b. The holes 24 a are operable for receiving a fastener for coupling the guardrail to other components, such as a post or fixed object. The holes 24 a may be used to secure the guardrail 10 to a post (not shown) or other support structure, among others. The holes 22 a and 24 a may be formed by drilling or some other suitable method. Any number of holes may be used, as desired.

A fastener (e.g., a nut and bolt, screw, pin etc.), passing through the holes 22 a, 24 a may be used to secure nested guardrails 10 to each other, to secure the guardrail(s) 10 and a splice plate (shown in FIG. 3A), to secure the guardrail 10 to a post 52 or a spacer block (shown in FIG. 4) and/or to secure the guardrail(s) 10 and the splice plate 50 to the post 52 or the spacer block 54 (shown in FIG. 4). One or more washers or other mechanisms may also be used to better distribute the forces caused by fasteners.

In the embodiment shown, the guardrail 10 has a corrugated geometry with a single and solid wall (i.e., no internal chambers or voids). Further, the thickness of the wall at any point in a particular cross-section of the guardrail 10 (and for substantially all cross-sectional points along the guardrail's length) is less than one inch, and in another embodiment is less than 0.5 inches, and in the embodiment shown is about 0.25 inches (See, FIG. 1B). The guardrail 10 is a single, solid, and integrally formed or pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic.

FIGS. 2A-2C illustrate mat and roving keys used to construct the composite pultruded guardrail 10 of FIG. 1A according to several embodiments of the present invention. Referring now to FIG. 2A (and proceeding in the direction from the front face 12 to the back face 14), the composite pultruded guardrail 10 is constructed of a plurality of fiber layers. In this particular embodiment, the guardrail 10 includes nine layers, using, in order, the following reinforcement layers: E-LTMR-2808 mat (30), E-LM-2205 mat (36), a 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), 1 ounce OC mat (34), E-LM-2205 mat (36), 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), and E-LTMR-2808 mat (30). The E-LTMR-2808 mat (30) is a 28 ounce/foot bi-axial (0°/90°) mat with ¾ ounce/foot binderless chop and has a reemay sewn to it as is known in the art. The E-LM-2205 mat (36) is a 22 ounce/yard unidirectional (0°) mat with ½ ounce/foot binderless chop as is known in the art. In the current embodiment, the chop runs towards the roving.

Referring now to FIG. 2B (and proceeding in the direction from the front face to the back face), the composite pultruded guardrail 10 is constructed of a plurality of fiber layers. In this particular embodiment, the guardrail 10 includes ten layers, using, in order, the following layers: NCX1501 mat (40), E-LM-2205 mat (36), a 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), 1 ounce OC mat (34), 1.5 ounce OC mat (42), E-LM-2205 mat (36), 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), and NCX1501 mat (40). The NCX1501 (40) mat is a 1.5 oz OC mat having a nexus sewn to it as is known in the art. The E-LM-2205 mat (36) is a 22 ounce/yard unidirectional (0°) mat with ½ ounce/foot binderless chop as is known in the art. In the current embodiment, the chop runs towards the roving.

Referring now to FIG. 2C (and proceeding in the direction from the front face to the rear face), the composite pultruded guardrail 10 is constructed of a plurality of fiber layers. In this particular embodiment, the guardrail 10 includes ten layers, using, in order, the following layers: NM1001 mat (44), E-TTXM-3205 mat (46), E-LM-2205 mat (36), a 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), E-LM-2205 mat (36), 62 yield roving (32), E-LM-2205 mat (36), E-TTXM-3205 mat (46), and NM1001 mat (44). The ETTXM (46) is a 32 ounce/yard tri-axial mat with ½ ounce/yard binderless chop as is known in the art. The NM-1001 (44) is a 1 ounce OC mat having a nexus sewn to it as is known in the art. The E-LM-2205 mat (36) is a 22 ounce/yard unidirectional (0°) mat with ½ ounce/foot binderless chop as is known in the art. In the current embodiment, the chop runs towards the roving.

The above-described fiber layers or materials and the like are commercially available and are provided as examples of those fibers that may be utilized. Other types and compositions of fiber reinforcements may be used, as known to those skilled in the art, including carbon, Kevlar, etc. and the like. Fewer or more layers, as well as different compositions, of fiber reinforcements may be used. In different embodiments, the fiber reinforcement composition of the guardrail is in the range of 40-65 percent by volume, in the range of 50-60 percent by volume, and in one embodiment is about 55 percent by volume.

It should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the reinforcement layers discussed above in conjunction with FIGS. 2A-2C may be drawn through a resin bath or wet-out where the materials are thoroughly coated or impregnated with the liquid resin. The resin-saturated reinforcements are then pulled through a pultrusion die and heated so that the resin cures and solidifies. The fiber materials are not required to be drawn through a resin bath or wet-out, as the pultrusion process may include a direct die injected pultrusion process or combination thereof. A solid guardrail 10 exits the pultrusion die. The guardrail may then be cut to the desired length and finished as needed (for example, holes can be formed/drilled into the guardrail).

The plastic or resin materials(s) may be vinylester, epoxy, polyester, other polymer(s) and plastics and the like, or others known to persons skilled in the art. In one embodiment, urethane is utilized. Urethane may provide improved impact resistance/toughness over some others.

It should be noted that the guardrail 10 of the present invention has been certified as meeting or passing the tests, criteria or procedures set forth in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (“NCHRP”) Report 350, by the Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference. More particularly, the guardrail beam 10 of the present invention is approved for use on the National Highway System as an NCHRP Report 350 TL-3 longitudinal barrier.

Now referring to FIGS. 3A thru 3C, there are illustrated perspective, side, and front views, respectively, of a splice plate 50 (or connector) for connecting two guardrails 10 according to one embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 3A, the splice plate 50 is a formed plate having a profile substantially matching the profile of the guardrails 10 or conforming to the profile or shape of the guardrails 10. The splice plate 50 is designed to nest with guardrails 10 (e.g., the back face of the splice plate 50 may be designed to fit the contours of the front face 12 of the guardrails 10). For example, in one specific embodiment, the splice plate 50 is of the thrie-section (or thrie-beam) design.

In one embodiment, the plate or connector 50 is constructed of the same or similar pultruded composite material and manufactured in the same or similar manner as the guardrail 10. In other embodiments, the plate or connector 50 may be constructed of any suitable plastic or polymer material, such as urethane (e.g., polyurethane), vinylester, or other plastic or polymer material(s), and may include fiber reinforcing materials, and may be manufactured by any pultrusion, extrusion or injection molding, resin transfer molding or other suitable process. In yet other embodiments, the plate or connector 50 may be constructed of metal or other material.

The splice plate 50 includes a front face (i.e., facing traffic or roadway side) that substantially conforms to the shape of the back face (post side) of the guardrail(s) 10. This will allow nesting or mating of the splice plate 50 and the guardrail 10. In this manner, the splice plate 50 is placed on the back side (post side) of the guardrail(s) 10. The shape of the back face (post side) of the splice plate 50 may be different to improve performance. In another embodiment, the splice plate 50 is placed on the front side (traffic or roadway side) of the guardrail(s) 10 and therefore, the back face (i.e., facing post side) of the splice plate 50 substantially conforms to the shape of the front face of the guardrail(s) 10.

The splice plate 50 may have a plurality of holes or apertures 22 b formed therein to align with corresponding holes 22 a in the guardrail 10. Additionally, the splice plate 50 may have a plurality of holes or apertures 24 b formed therein to align with corresponding holes 24 a in the guardrails 10. In the one embodiment shown, the holes 24 b are elongated (i.e., slotted) to permit slight horizontal adjustment of the splice plate 50 relative to the guardrails 10. The holes 22 b and 24 b may be formed by drilling or some other suitable method.

Now referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a front perspective view of a guardrail system 60 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The guardrail system 60 includes one or more posts 52, one or more composite pultruded guardrails 10, and suitable fasteners, such as nuts, bolts, washers, screws, etc. (not shown in FIG. 4). The guardrail system 60 may also include one or more splice plates 50 for coupling adjacent composite pultruded guardrails, one or more spacer blocks 54, and one or more anchors 56.

The posts 52, as illustrated in FIG. 4, may be 6×6 wooden timbers that may be driven into the ground. It should be noted that the posts 52 may be made of material other that wood (for example, steel, recycled plastic, fiber reinforced composite material, or another suitable material) and may possess a different cross-sectional design (for example, an I-beam, etc.). Each post 52 in FIG. 4 is shown with an anchor cable 56 (it is possible that an anchor cable is used only at the ends of the guardrail system) and a spacer block 54, to which the composite pultruded guardrail 10 and splice plate 50 are attached. The spacer blocks 54 may be constructed from wooden timbers or other suitable material. The length of the spacer blocks 54 may be selected to accept the fasteners used to secure the composite guardrails 10 and/or the splice plates 50, and is usually based on rail height.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the pultruded composite guardrails 10 are coupled together by the splice plate 50 and secured to the spacer blocks 54. It should be apparent to one having skill in the art, however, that other arrangements may be used while remaining within the scope of the present invention. For example, the use of spacer blocks 54 may be omitted and the pultruded composite guardrails 10 and the splice plates 50 may be secured directly to the posts 52. In another alternative embodiment, the use of splice plates 50 may be omitted and the ends of the pultruded composite guardrails 10 overlapped before being secured to the spacer blocks 54 or posts 52. Additionally, the number of posts 54, pultruded composite guardrails 10, etc. shown are for exemplary purposes only and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

Now referring to FIG. 5, there is illustrated an operational process 70 for manufacturing the pultruded composite guardrail of FIG. 1A. For clarity, the discussion of operational process 70 will be directed to the mat and roving key discussed in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. 2B. However, it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that this discussion is in no way intended to limit operational process 70 to the mat and roving key related to this specific embodiment.

In operation 72, the reinforcement materials are combined and positioned in a pre-forming shaper or guide. In the current embodiment, the mattings and rovings are supplied in bulk on large rolls. The end of the mattings and rovings are pulled through a series of gates (or plates) each having a slot cut therein that is generally the same shape as the cross-sectional shape of the guardrail 10.

After the reinforcement materials are combined and pre-shaped in operation 72, the pre-formed materials are drawn through a resin bath and/or impregnated with a resin in operation 74, or, if a direct die injected method is utilized, operation 74 may be optional. In the current embodiment, a poly-urethane thermosetting resin is employed.

After the reinforcement materials are drawn through the resin bath and/or impregnated with the resin in operation 74, the resin-saturated reinforcements enter a heated pultrusion die in operation 76. If utilizing a direct die injection process, the resin is injected under pressure into the die. The dimensions and shape of the heated pultrusion die define the dimensions and shape of the pultruded composite guardrail 10. In the current embodiment, the amount of heat is controlled within the tolerances needed to activate the curing or polymerization of the poly-urethane resin. The applied heat causes the poly-urethane resin (and thus the guardrail) to start solidifying.

After the guardrail 10 exits the pultrusion die, the composite guardrail 10 begins to cool and solidifies even further. In operation 78, the solidified composite pultruded guardrail 10 is cut to the desired length and finished as desired. For example, the guardrail may be cut into twenty-foot lengths and holes may be formed/drilled through the guardrail such that the guardrail can be secured to a post 52 and/or coupled to another guardrail by a splice plate 50. Operational process 70 may be terminated after the guardrail is cut to length and finished in operation 78.

It should be recognized that the above-described embodiments of the invention are intended to be illustrative only. Numerous alternative embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the following claims. 

1. A pultruded composite guardrail, comprising: one or more layered reinforcement materials; and a resin permeating the one or more layered reinforcement materials, the one or more layered reinforcement materials and resin forming a solid shaped guardrail member when the resin is cured.
 2. The guardrail in accordance with claim 1 wherein the guardrail is approved for use on the National Highway System as an NCHRP Report 350 TL-3 longitudinal barrier.
 3. The pultruded composite guardrail in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shaped member is a thrie-beam member.
 4. The pultruded composite guardrail in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is thermoset poly-urethane.
 5. The pultruded composite guardrail in accordance with claim 1 wherein the one or more layered reinforcement materials comprises at least one of an E-LTMR-2808 mat, an E-LM-2205 mat, a NCX1501 mat (40), a NM1001 mat, an E-TTXM-3205 mat, a 62 yield roving, a 1 ounce OC mat, and a 1.5 ounce OC mat.
 6. A guardrail comprising a unitary composite pultruded thrie-beam member.
 7. The guardrail in accordance with claim 6 wherein the unitary pultruded composite thrie-beam member is comprised of one or more reinforcement materials set in a poly-urethane resin.
 8. The guardrail in accordance with claim 6 wherein the one or more reinforcement materials comprise, in order, an E-LTMR-2808 mat, an E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, an E-LM-2205 mat, a 1 ounce OC mat, an E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, an E-LM-2205 mat, and an E-LTMR-2808 mat.
 9. The guardrail in accordance with claim 6 wherein the one or more reinforcement materials comprise, in order, a NCX1501 mat, E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, an E-LM-2205 mat, a 1 ounce OC mat, a 1.5 ounce OC mat, an E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, an E-LM-2205 mat, and a NCX1501 mat.
 10. The guardrail in accordance with claim 6 wherein the one or more reinforcement materials comprise, in order, a NM1001 mat, a E-TTXM-3205 mat, a E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, a E-LM-2205 mat, a E-LM-2205 mat, a 62 yield roving, a E-LM-2205 mat, a E-TTXM-3205 mat, and a NM1001 mat.
 11. The guardrail in accordance with claim 6 wherein the unitary pultruded composite thrie-beam member comprises one or more holes therein.
 12. A guardrail system, comprising: one or more posts; and one or more pultruded composite guardrails secured to the one or more posts.
 13. The guardrail system in accordance with claim 12 further comprising at least one of: a spacer block attached to each of the one or more posts, the spacer block for carrying one or more of the pultruded composite guardrails; an anchor attached to at least one of the one ore more posts; a splice plate coupling a plurality of the one or more pultruded composite guardrails together; a plurality of fasteners for securing at least one of the one or more pultruded composite guardrails to the post, the spacer block to the post, the pultruded composite guardrails to the spacer block, the splice plates to the plurality of pultruded composite guardrails, the splice plates to the posts, and the anchor to the posts.
 14. The guardrail system in accordance with claim 12 wherein the one or more pultruded composite guardrails is thrie-beam shaped.
 15. The guardrail system in accordance with claim 14 further comprising a splice plate for coupling two or more of the pultruded composite guardrails together, the splice plate having a profile that substantially matches a profile of the pultruded composite guardrails.
 16. The guardrail system in accordance with claim 12 wherein each of the one or more pultruded composite guardrails is of unitary construction and further comprises: a first top section leg and a second top section leg integrally formed to opposing ends of a top section face; a first middle section leg and a second middle section leg integrally formed to opposing ends of a middle section face; and a first bottom section leg and a second bottom section leg integrally formed to opposing ends of a bottom section face, wherein the second top section leg and the first middle section leg are integrally formed to opposing ends of a top back member and wherein the second middle section leg and the first bottom section leg are integrally formed to opposing ends of a bottom back member.
 17. A method of manufacturing a pultruded composite guardrail, the method comprising: pre-forming one or more reinforcement materials; saturating the pre-formed reinforcement materials with a resin; pulling the resin-saturated reinforcements through a pultrusion die; heating the resin saturated reinforcement in the pultrusion die to solidify the resin; and cutting the pultruded composite guardrail to length.
 18. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein the pre-forming further comprises: supplying the reinforcement materials on bulk rolls; combining the reinforcement materials; and pulling the reinforcement materials through one or more pre-former gates.
 19. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein the saturating further comprises passing the pre-formed reinforcement materials through a resin bath.
 20. The method in accordance with claim 17 wherein the pulling the resin-saturated reinforcements through the pultrusion die comprises: forming the resin-saturated reinforcements into the a desired shape of the pultruded composite guardrail. 